2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 What is Quality?

2.1.2 BPR and Six Sigma - A Comparison

2.1.3 What is Six Sigma?

2.1.4 History of Six Sigma

2.1.5 What is Sigma?

2.1.6 The Focus of Six Sigma, Y = f(x)

2.1.7 Six Sigma: Role Player

2.1.8 What is Lean?

2.1.9 What is Kaizen?

2.1.10 The Cause-Solution Matrix

2.1.11 What is Statistics?

2.1.12 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency

2.1.13 Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Spread/Dispersion/Variation

2.1.14 Process Problems and Characteristics of a Successful Project

2.1.15 Process Focus

2.1.16 DMAIC Steps

2.2 Understand Customer and Business Requirements

2.2.1 Define Your Customer

2.2.2 Difference between Needs and Requirements

2.2.3 Methods to capture the Voice of Customer

2.2.4 Impact on Stakeholders

2.2.5 Affinity Diagram

2.2.6 Translating Needs to Requirements

2.2.7 Prioritize Requirements using Kano Analysis

2.2.8 CTQ Drilldown Tree

2.2.9 CTx (Critical to x Requirements)

2.2.10 Benchmarking

2.3 Complete the Project Charter

2.3.1 Business Performance Measures

2.3.2 Financial Measures

2.3.3 Project Charter

a. Business Case

b. Problem Statement

c. Goal Statement

d. Scope Statement

e. Project Team 

f. Project Milestones

2.3.4 Team Management

2.4 Project Acceptability and CAP Tools

2.4.1 ARMI

2.4.2 RACI

2.4.3 Threat vs. Opportunity Matrix

2.4.4 Stakeholder Analysis

2.4.5 Elevator Speech

2.4.6 Communications Plan

2.5 Complete High-Level As-Is Process Map

2.5.1 Process Mapping Overview

2.5.2 SIPOC

3.1 Identify What to Measure?

3.1.1 Difference between Efficiency Measures and Effective Measures

3.1.2 Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ)

3.1.3 8 Wastes

i. Defects

ii. Overproduction

iii. Waiting

iv. Non-Utilized Skills

v. Transportation

vi. Inventory

vii. Motion

viii. Excess Processing

3.1.4 What are Process Maps?

3.1.5 What are Value Stream Maps?

3.1.6 Takt Time

3.1.7 Types of Data - Continuous vs. Discrete

3.2 Plan and Collect Data

3.2.1 XY Matrix

3.2.2 Data Collection Plan

i. Performance Measures

ii. Operational Definition

iii. Stratification Factors

iv. Data Collection - Existing vs. New Data

v. How will the data be collected?

vi. Who will collect the data?

vii. When will the data be collected?

3.2.3 Sampling

i. Simple Random Sampling

ii. Stratified Random Sampling

iii. Systematic Sampling

iv. Cluster Sampling

v. Sample Size formula - Continuous Data

vi. Sample Size formula - Discrete Data

3.2.4 Measurement System Analysis (MSA)

i. Measurement System Analysis - Components of Variation

ii. Measurement System Errors

3.3 Determine Baseline Performance

3.3.1 What is Data Stability?

3.3.2 Run Charts

3.3.3 Normal Distribution

3.3.4 Central Limit Theorem

3.3.5 How to check Normality on Minitab?

3.3.6 Box-Cox Transformation

3.3.7 Yield

i. Classic Yield

ii. First Time Yield

iii. Rolled Throughput Yield (RTY)

3.4 Determine Baseline Performance - Discrete Data

3.4.1 What is Sigma Shift?

3.4.2 What are Defects?

3.4.3 What is a Unit?

3.4.5 What are Defectives?

3.4.6 What is Opportunity for Errors?

3.4.7 Calculate Process Sigma Multiple for Discrete Data

3.5 Determine Baseline Performance - Continuous Data

3.5.1 What are Specification Limits?

3.5.2 Calculate Process Sigma Multiple for Continuous Data using Minitab

4.1 Identify Performance Gaps

4.1.1 Brainstorming

4.1.2 Fishbone Diagram

4.1.3 5 Why Analysis

4.2 Ascertain Critical Root-Causes

4.2.1 Pareto Chart

4.2.2 Box Plot

4.2.3 Scatter Plot

4.2.4 Stem-and-Leaf Plot

4.2.5 Interval Plot

4.2.6 Fault Tree Analysis

4.2.7 Multi-Voting

4.2.8 Control-Impact Matrix

4.3 Hypothesis Testing

4.3.1 Introduction Hypothesis Testing

4.3.2 Hypothesis Testing - Mechanism and Steps

4.3.3 Identify the Hypothesis Test

4.3.4 How do you write the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

4.4 What is P-Value?

4.4.1 Confidence Level

4.4.2 Significance Level

4.4.3 P-Value

4.4.4 Infer the Results

4.5 Parametric Tests

4.5.1 1-Sample t test

4.5.2 2-Sample t test

4.5.3 Paired t test

4.5.4 One-Way ANOVA

4.5.5 One-Way ANOM (Analysis of Means)

4.6 Variance Tests

4.6.1 1-Variance test

4.6.2 2-Variance test

4.6.3 Test of Equal Variances

4.7 Non-Parametric Tests

4.7.1 1-Sample Sign test

4.7.2 Mann-Whitney test

4.7.3 Kruskal-Wallis test

4.7.4 Mood's Median test

4.8 Correlation and Regression

4.8.1 What is Correlation?

4.8.2 Correlation vs. Causation

4.8.3 Correlation Coefficient

4.8.4 How to perform Correlation Analysis on Minitab?

4.8.5 How to perform Regression Analysis on Minitab?

4.8.6 Fitted Line Plot

4.9 Chi-Square and Proportion Tests | Hypothesis Testing Errors

4.9.1 Chi-Square test

4.9.2 1-Proportion test

4.9.3 2-Proportion test

4.9.4 Hypothesis Testing Errors

i. Type 1 or Alpha Error

ii. Type 2 or Beta Error

5.1 Generate, Prioritize and Select Solutions

5.1.1 Brainstorming

5.1.2 Benchmarking

5.1.3 Brainwriting

5.1.4 Assumption Busting

5.1.5 Modified Brainstorming Techniques

i. Analogy Technique

ii. Channeling Technique

iii. Anti-Solution Technique

5.2 Identifying Solutions - Lean Tools & Solution Selection Matrix

5.2.1 5S

5.2.2 Heijunka

5.2.3 Generic Pull

5.2.4 Autonomation (Jidoka)

5.2.5 Just-In-Time

5.2.6 Theory of Constraints (TOC)

5.2.7 Solution Selection Matrix

5.2.8 Implementation

5.2.9 SWOT Analysis

5.3 Pilot Solutions

5.3.1 What is a Pilot?

5.3.2 Implement Poka-Yoke (Mistake-Proofing)

5.3.3 Implement Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

5.3.4 Implementation Planning

5.4 Validate Impact of Solution(s)

5.4.1 Cost Benefit Reanalysis

5.4.2 Validate Measurement System

5.4.3 Process Capability Re-Analysis

6.1 Institutionalize the Solution(s)

6.1.1 Visual Management Boards

6.1.2 Team Huddles

6.1.3 Control Plan

6.1.4 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)

6.1.5 Go Gemba

6.2 Statistical Process Control (SPC)

6.2.1 Control Charts

6.2.2 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits

6.2.3 Control Charts - In Control Processes

6.2.4 Seven Indicators of an Out-of-Control Process

6.3 Control Charts for Continuous Data

6.3.1 I-MR Chart

6.3.2 X bar R Chart

6.3.3 X bar S Chart

6.4 Control Charts for Discrete Data

6.4.1 np Chart

6.4.2 p Chart

6.4.3 c Chart

6.4.4 u Chart

6.5 Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)

6.6 Sustain Improvements

6.6.1 Lessons Learned

6.6.2 Training Plan Deployment

6.6.3 Documentation

6.6.4 Ongoing Evaluations

6.7 Implement Control Plan?

6.5.1 Control Plan

6.5.2 Process Owner Sign-off

6.6 Replicate and Share Best Practices

6.7 Celebrate and Recognize Success

6.8 Post-Implementation Review

6.9 Celebrate